A cystoscopy is a procedure that involves inserting a tool into the urethra and up into the bladder to examine these organs. The tool is a cystoscope — a thin, flexible instrument with a light and a ...

Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy are diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, usually performed by urologists, or doctors who specialize in diseases of the urinary tract. These procedures use endoscopes to ...

Lower urinary outflow tract obstruction in a fetus may be associated with various developmental abnormalities. The obstruction may result from a number of pathologies, including urethral atresia or ...