Automakers have long touted the benefits of fuel injection, claiming increased efficiency and power. But as more cars have the system installed (around 73% in 2023), more and more consumers are ...

Port fuel injection (PFI) was a major milestone in the early '80s. The integration of PFI rapidly changed the way fuel was delivered by increasing fuel economy and improving engine performance. Even ...

However, not all innovations are equal, and nor do they follow a constant upward trend. Instead, their evolution takes the form of an S-shaped curve that reflects their typical lifecycle from early ...

This study investigates the formation of wall films in direct injection engines, a key factor in particulate matter generation. The results show that cold fuel adheres more to the wall creating ...

With direct injection, engines can run with higher compression ratios, higher boost, and higher efficiencies. The marvel has lead to widespread downsizing of engines, ditching large naturally ...