European leaders are likely to be pressured to take a harder line on China, even as they see a more immediate threat from Russia.

Both could feature in negotiations next year, if that’s the path Donald Trump intends to pursue. So far, the US president-elect has given very few clues as to how he intends to end the conflict, beyond a typically vainglorious promise to end the war in 24 hours.

Moscow appears to be maximising its gains while Joe Biden abandons long-held red lines at the end of his presidency.